SYNCHRONIZATION
Synchronization in Java
Synchronization in Java is the capability to control the access of multiple threads to any shared resource.
Java Synchronization is better option where we want to allow only one thread to access the shared resource.
The synchronization is mainly used to
- To prevent thread interference
- To prevent consistency problem.
Types of Synchronization
There are two types of synchronization
- Process Synchronization
- Thread Synchronization
Thread Synchronization
There are two types of thread synchronization mutual exclusive and inter-thread communication.
- Mutual Exclusive
- Synchronized method.
- Synchronized block.
- Static synchronization.
- Cooperation (Inter-thread communication in java)
Mutual Exclusive
Mutual Exclusive helps keep threads from interfering with one another while sharing data. It can be achieved by using the following three ways:
- By Using Synchronized Method
- By Using Synchronized Block
- By Using Static Synchronization
Concept of Lock in Java
Synchronization is built around an internal entity known as the lock or monitor. Every object has a lock associated with it. By convention, a thread that needs consistent access to an object's fields has to acquire the object's lock before accessing them, and then release the lock when it's done with them.
- class Table{
- void printTable(int n){//method not synchronized
- for(int i=1;i<=5;i++){
- System.out.println(n*i);
- try{
- Thread.sleep(400);
- }catch(Exception e){System.out.println(e);}
- }
- }
- }
- class MyThread1 extends Thread{
- Table t;
- MyThread1(Table t){
- this.t=t;
- }
- public void run(){
- t.printTable(5);
- }
- }
- class MyThread2 extends Thread{
- Table t;
- MyThread2(Table t){
- this.t=t;
- }
- public void run(){
- t.printTable(100);
- }
- }
- class TestSynchronization1{
- public static void main(String args[]){
- Table obj = new Table();//only one object
- MyThread1 t1=new MyThread1(obj);
- MyThread2 t2=new MyThread2(obj);
- t1.start();
- t2.start();
- }
- }
Java Synchronized Method
If you declare any method as synchronized, it is known as synchronized method.
Synchronized method is used to lock an object for any shared resource.
- //example of java synchronized method
- class Table{
- synchronized void printTable(int n){//synchronized method
- for(int i=1;i<=5;i++){
- System.out.println(n*i);
- try{
- Thread.sleep(400);
- }catch(Exception e){System.out.println(e);}
- }
- }
- }
- class MyThread1 extends Thread{
- Table t;
- MyThread1(Table t){
- this.t=t;
- }
- public void run(){
- t.printTable(5);
- }
- }
- class MyThread2 extends Thread{
- Table t;
- MyThread2(Table t){
- this.t=t;
- }
- public void run(){
- t.printTable(100);
- }
- }
- public class TestSynchronization2{
- public static void main(String args[]){
- Table obj = new Table();//only one object
- MyThread1 t1=new MyThread1(obj);
- MyThread2 t2=new MyThread2(obj);
- t1.start();
- t2.start();
- }
- }
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